Pancreatic Cancer —
Expertise at Every Stage.
A comprehensive guide to pancreatic cancer — from understanding the disease to diagnosis, staging, and treatment — by Dr. Aditya Sarin, ESMO Board Certified Medical Oncologist.
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Every case of pancreatic cancer is different. Please consult Dr. Aditya Sarin or a qualified oncologist for evaluation, diagnosis and a treatment plan specific to your condition.
What is Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease that starts in the pancreas — an organ located behind the stomach that plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The pancreas produces enzymes to aid digestion and hormones like insulin to control blood sugar levels. When cancerous cells form in the pancreas, they can grow aggressively and spread to other parts of the body.
Types of Pancreatic Cancer
Exocrine Tumors
90% of cases- Adenocarcinoma — The most common type, starting in the pancreatic ducts.
- Acinar Cell Carcinoma — A rare type affecting enzyme-producing cells.
Endocrine Tumors (PNETs)
Less Common- Arise from hormone-producing cells — may be benign or malignant.
- Insulinomas, Glucagonomas, Gastrinomas.
Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer often shows no symptoms in the early stages, making early detection difficult. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
Causes & Risk Factors
While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown, several factors significantly increase the risk:
Smoking
A major modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Age
More common in people over 60 years of age.
Family History & Genetics
BRCA mutations and hereditary syndromes increase risk.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Long-term inflammation of the pancreas raises risk.
Obesity & Poor Diet
High-fat diets and obesity are linked to higher risk.
Diabetes
Long-standing or newly developed diabetes can be a risk factor.
Excessive Alcohol
Can lead to chronic pancreatitis, increasing cancer risk.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Since early-stage pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect, doctors use a combination of tests:
- CT Scan / MRI — detailed pancreas imaging
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) — tumor visualization
- PET Scan — detects cancer spread
- CA 19-9 tumor marker — indicates cancer presence
- Liver function tests
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Tissue sample analyzed for cancer cells
- EUS-guided fine needle aspiration
- Surgical biopsy when indicated
Stages of Pancreatic Cancer
Localized
Cancer is confined to the pancreas. Best prognosis — surgery may be curative.
Regional
May have spread to nearby lymph nodes. Surgery with adjuvant therapy indicated.
Advanced
Spread to major blood vessels or lymph nodes. Often requires combined therapy.
Metastatic
Spread to distant organs — liver or lungs. Systemic therapy and palliative care.
Survival Rates by Stage
Survival statistics are population averages. They describe outcomes across large groups of patients and do not predict what will happen to any individual patient. Pancreatic cancer has some of the lowest survival rates among common cancers, largely because it produces few symptoms in its early stages.
Pancreatic cancer survival rate in the United States
Source: American Cancer Society, Survival Rates for Pancreatic Cancer, based on SEER data for cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2021.
Pancreatic cancer survival rate in Asia
Nationally representative, stage-wise survival data specific to pancreatic cancer is limited in India. The closest available regional context comes from a systematic review of Asian countries, which found a 5-year survival rate of 9.7 percent — lower than the equivalent United States figure above.
Source: Survival rate of pancreatic cancer in Asian countries, a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2025.
Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer
Treatment depends on the stage, location of the cancer, and the patient's overall health. A multidisciplinary approach delivers the best outcomes.
Surgery
The most effective curative option for early-stage disease.
- Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
- Distal Pancreatectomy
- Total Pancreatectomy (rarely done)
Radiation Therapy
High-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Often combined with chemotherapy or surgery.
Chemotherapy
Drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Often combined with surgery or radiation for maximum effect.
Targeted Therapy
Attacks specific genes or proteins in cancer cells to stop their growth with greater precision and fewer side effects.
Immunotherapy
Helps the body's immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells — particularly effective in select molecular subtypes.
Palliative Care
Focuses on improving quality of life by managing symptoms like pain, jaundice, and digestion problems in advanced disease.
Latest Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Pancreatic cancer research has produced some of its most promising results in years, particularly for unresectable and biomarker-specific disease. As of 2026, notable developments include the following.
First survival benefit from tumour treating fields
The Phase 3 PANOVA-3 trial found an 18 percent improvement in overall survival when tumour treating fields — a wearable device delivering electrical fields to disrupt cancer cell division — were added to standard chemotherapy for unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
This was the first Phase 3 trial in this setting to show an overall survival benefit beyond chemotherapy alone.
Source: Let's Win Pancreatic Cancer — Rewinding 2025, A Year in Pancreatic Cancer Research.
New targeted option for a rare genetic subtype
Zenocutuzumab received FDA accelerated approval for advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with an NRG1 gene fusion — a rare mutation found in under 1 percent of cases — with a 40 percent objective response rate in the supporting trial.
New option for neuroendocrine tumours
In March 2025, the FDA approved cabozantinib for previously treated advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours — the subtype covered in Section 02 — representing a new standard of care for this specific group of patients.
Source: Pancreatic Cancer Action Network — Research Spotlight, Pancreatic Cancer in 2025.
Life After Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Regular Follow-Ups
Monitoring for recurrence with imaging and blood marker tests.
Nutritional Support
Dietary adjustments and enzyme supplements to aid digestion and maintain weight.
Managing Diabetes
Many patients develop diabetes after pancreatic surgery — closely monitored and managed.
Emotional Support
Counseling and support groups to help cope with the disease and recovery journey.
Frequently Asked Questions about Pancreatic Cancer
Why is pancreatic cancer often caught so late?
Is pancreatic cancer hereditary?
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumours?
Can pancreatic cancer be found early through screening?
Is surgery always an option for pancreatic cancer?
Does a pancreatic cancer diagnosis always mean diabetes?
What is the best treatment approach for Pancreatic Cancer in Delhi?
Why Trust Dr. Aditya Sarin for Pancreatic Cancer Care?
Early detection improves survival rates — book an appointment at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital today.
Expert Oncologists
A team of experienced specialists in pancreatic cancer with ESMO-level training and deep clinical expertise.
Advanced Diagnostics
State-of-the-art imaging, EUS, CA 19-9 testing, and cutting-edge genetic profiling for precise diagnosis.
Comprehensive Treatment
Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and supportive care — all integrated under one roof.
Personalized Care Plans
Tailored treatment strategies based on each patient's cancer stage, genetics, and overall health profile.
Supportive Care & Rehab
Guidance on nutrition, diabetes management, physiotherapy, and mental well-being post-treatment.
Don't Wait — Early Detection Saves Lives
If you or a loved one has symptoms or risk factors for pancreatic cancer, book a consultation with Dr. Aditya Sarin today.
📅 Book Your AppointmentPancreatic Cancer —
Expertise at Every Stage.
A comprehensive guide to pancreatic cancer — from understanding the disease to diagnosis, staging, and treatment — by Dr. Aditya Sarin, ESMO Board Certified Medical Oncologist.
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Every case of pancreatic cancer is different. Please consult Dr. Aditya Sarin or a qualified oncologist for evaluation, diagnosis and a treatment plan specific to your condition.
What is Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease that starts in the pancreas — an organ located behind the stomach that plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The pancreas produces enzymes to aid digestion and hormones like insulin to control blood sugar levels. When cancerous cells form in the pancreas, they can grow aggressively and spread to other parts of the body.
Types of Pancreatic Cancer
Exocrine Tumors
90% of cases- Adenocarcinoma — The most common type, starting in the pancreatic ducts.
- Acinar Cell Carcinoma — A rare type affecting enzyme-producing cells.
Endocrine Tumors (PNETs)
Less Common- Arise from hormone-producing cells — may be benign or malignant.
- Insulinomas, Glucagonomas, Gastrinomas.
Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer often shows no symptoms in the early stages, making early detection difficult. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
Causes & Risk Factors
While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown, several factors significantly increase the risk:
Smoking
A major modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Age
More common in people over 60 years of age.
Family History & Genetics
BRCA mutations and hereditary syndromes increase risk.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Long-term inflammation of the pancreas raises risk.
Obesity & Poor Diet
High-fat diets and obesity are linked to higher risk.
Diabetes
Long-standing or newly developed diabetes can be a risk factor.
Excessive Alcohol
Can lead to chronic pancreatitis, increasing cancer risk.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Since early-stage pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect, doctors use a combination of tests:
- CT Scan / MRI — detailed pancreas imaging
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) — tumor visualization
- PET Scan — detects cancer spread
- CA 19-9 tumor marker — indicates cancer presence
- Liver function tests
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Tissue sample analyzed for cancer cells
- EUS-guided fine needle aspiration
- Surgical biopsy when indicated
Stages of Pancreatic Cancer
Localized
Cancer is confined to the pancreas. Best prognosis — surgery may be curative.
Regional
May have spread to nearby lymph nodes. Surgery with adjuvant therapy indicated.
Advanced
Spread to major blood vessels or lymph nodes. Often requires combined therapy.
Metastatic
Spread to distant organs — liver or lungs. Systemic therapy and palliative care.
Survival Rates by Stage
Survival statistics are population averages. They describe outcomes across large groups of patients and do not predict what will happen to any individual patient. Pancreatic cancer has some of the lowest survival rates among common cancers, largely because it produces few symptoms in its early stages.
Pancreatic cancer survival rate in the United States
Source: American Cancer Society, Survival Rates for Pancreatic Cancer, based on SEER data for cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2021.
Pancreatic cancer survival rate in Asia
Nationally representative, stage-wise survival data specific to pancreatic cancer is limited in India. The closest available regional context comes from a systematic review of Asian countries, which found a 5-year survival rate of 9.7 percent — lower than the equivalent United States figure above.
Source: Survival rate of pancreatic cancer in Asian countries, a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2025.
Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer
Treatment depends on the stage, location of the cancer, and the patient's overall health. A multidisciplinary approach delivers the best outcomes.
Surgery
The most effective curative option for early-stage disease.
- Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
- Distal Pancreatectomy
- Total Pancreatectomy (rarely done)
Radiation Therapy
High-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Often combined with chemotherapy or surgery.
Chemotherapy
Drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Often combined with surgery or radiation for maximum effect.
Targeted Therapy
Attacks specific genes or proteins in cancer cells to stop their growth with greater precision and fewer side effects.
Immunotherapy
Helps the body's immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells — particularly effective in select molecular subtypes.
Palliative Care
Focuses on improving quality of life by managing symptoms like pain, jaundice, and digestion problems in advanced disease.
Latest Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Pancreatic cancer research has produced some of its most promising results in years, particularly for unresectable and biomarker-specific disease. As of 2026, notable developments include the following.
First survival benefit from tumour treating fields
The Phase 3 PANOVA-3 trial found an 18 percent improvement in overall survival when tumour treating fields — a wearable device delivering electrical fields to disrupt cancer cell division — were added to standard chemotherapy for unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
This was the first Phase 3 trial in this setting to show an overall survival benefit beyond chemotherapy alone.
Source: Let's Win Pancreatic Cancer — Rewinding 2025, A Year in Pancreatic Cancer Research.
New targeted option for a rare genetic subtype
Zenocutuzumab received FDA accelerated approval for advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with an NRG1 gene fusion — a rare mutation found in under 1 percent of cases — with a 40 percent objective response rate in the supporting trial.
New option for neuroendocrine tumours
In March 2025, the FDA approved cabozantinib for previously treated advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours — the subtype covered in Section 02 — representing a new standard of care for this specific group of patients.
Source: Pancreatic Cancer Action Network — Research Spotlight, Pancreatic Cancer in 2025.
Life After Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Regular Follow-Ups
Monitoring for recurrence with imaging and blood marker tests.
Nutritional Support
Dietary adjustments and enzyme supplements to aid digestion and maintain weight.
Managing Diabetes
Many patients develop diabetes after pancreatic surgery — closely monitored and managed.
Emotional Support
Counseling and support groups to help cope with the disease and recovery journey.
Frequently Asked Questions about Pancreatic Cancer
Why is pancreatic cancer often caught so late?
Is pancreatic cancer hereditary?
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumours?
Can pancreatic cancer be found early through screening?
Is surgery always an option for pancreatic cancer?
Does a pancreatic cancer diagnosis always mean diabetes?
What is the best treatment approach for Pancreatic Cancer in Delhi?
Why Trust Dr. Aditya Sarin for Pancreatic Cancer Care?
Early detection improves survival rates — book an appointment at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital today.
Expert Oncologists
A team of experienced specialists in pancreatic cancer with ESMO-level training and deep clinical expertise.
Advanced Diagnostics
State-of-the-art imaging, EUS, CA 19-9 testing, and cutting-edge genetic profiling for precise diagnosis.
Comprehensive Treatment
Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and supportive care — all integrated under one roof.
Personalized Care Plans
Tailored treatment strategies based on each patient's cancer stage, genetics, and overall health profile.
Supportive Care & Rehab
Guidance on nutrition, diabetes management, physiotherapy, and mental well-being post-treatment.
Don't Wait — Early Detection Saves Lives
If you or a loved one has symptoms or risk factors for pancreatic cancer, book a consultation with Dr. Aditya Sarin today.
📅 Book Your Appointment