Cervical Cancer —
Screening Saves
Lives.
A comprehensive guide to understanding cervical cancer — its types, symptoms, risk factors, screening, and treatment options — by the specialists at Delhi Cancer Centre.
detected at Stage I
or Stage II
Primary Cervical Cancer Types
4 subtypesSquamous Cell Carcinoma
Originates in the thin, flat cells lining the outer part of the cervix. Accounts for the majority of cases.
Adenocarcinoma
Develops in the glandular cells that produce mucus. Increasingly common in younger women.
Adenosquamous Carcinoma
A less common type containing both squamous and glandular cancer cells simultaneously.
Small Cell Cervical Cancer
A rare and aggressive form that requires prompt, intensive treatment upon diagnosis.
The HPV Connection
Over 99% of cervical cancers are linked to persistent infection with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) — particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18. HPV vaccination and regular Pap smear screening are the most effective tools for prevention and early detection.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer develops in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is one of the most common gynaecologic cancers and typically develops slowly over time, often from precancerous changes that, if detected early, can be treated before they become malignant.
The good news is that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. With regular screening through Pap smears, HPV testing, and vaccination, the vast majority of cases can be caught early or avoided altogether. Awareness, routine check-ups, and timely action are the most powerful tools available.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Early-stage cervical cancer often produces no symptoms at all — underscoring the critical importance of routine screening. As the disease progresses, the following signs may appear:
Causes & Risk Factors
While HPV infection is the primary driver, several additional factors can increase a woman's risk of developing cervical cancer:
HPV Infection
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains — especially HPV-16 and HPV-18 — is the leading cause, present in over 99% of cervical cancer cases.
Smoking
Smoking weakens the immune system's ability to fight HPV and introduces carcinogens into cervical tissue, significantly raising cancer risk.
Weak Immune System
Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or use of immunosuppressive medications reduce the body's ability to clear HPV infections.
Multiple Sexual Partners
A higher number of sexual partners increases the likelihood of HPV exposure and subsequent persistent infection.
Early Sexual Activity
Beginning sexual activity at a young age may increase cumulative HPV exposure during a period when the cervix is more susceptible.
Long-Term Oral Contraceptive Use
Extended use of hormonal birth control pills for 5 or more years may slightly increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Family History
A family history of cervical cancer may indicate a genetic susceptibility that increases an individual's own risk.
Lack of Regular Screening
Women who do not undergo routine Pap smears or HPV testing are at far greater risk of cervical cancer going undetected until a later stage.
Screening & Early Detection
Cervical cancer is unique in that it can often be detected — and prevented — before it fully develops. Regular screening allows doctors to identify precancerous changes and treat them before cancer forms. The following tests are used:
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Pap Smear Test
Collects cervical cells to detect abnormal changes before they become cancerous. Recommended every 3 years from age 21.
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HPV Testing
Identifies the presence of high-risk HPV strains. Often combined with Pap testing (co-test) for women over 30.
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Colposcopy
A detailed examination of the cervix under magnification when Pap or HPV results are abnormal.
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Cervical Biopsy
Removal of a small tissue sample from the cervix to confirm the presence of cancerous or precancerous cells.
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Imaging (CT / MRI / PET)
Used after diagnosis to stage the cancer — determining its size and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.
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Pelvic Examination
Routine physical check to assess the size and condition of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding structures.
HPV Vaccination — Your Best Prevention
The HPV vaccine (Gardasil / Cervarix) provides strong protection against the strains responsible for most cervical cancers. It is most effective when administered before the onset of sexual activity, typically recommended for girls and women aged 9–26. Vaccination combined with regular screening can prevent the vast majority of cervical cancer cases.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cancer's stage, type, and the patient's overall health and fertility goals. A personalised, multidisciplinary approach ensures the most effective and least invasive plan:
Surgery
Procedures range from cone biopsy or LEEP (early stages) to hysterectomy for more advanced disease.
Radiation Therapy
Precisely targeted high-energy rays to destroy cervical cancer cells, used alone or alongside chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy
Drug therapy to kill or shrink cancer cells, commonly combined with radiation (chemoradiation) for enhanced results.
Targeted Therapy
Bevacizumab and other agents target specific molecular drivers of tumour growth in advanced cervical cancer.
Immunotherapy
Checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. pembrolizumab) help the immune system recognise and attack cervical cancer cells.
For women of reproductive age who wish to preserve fertility, fertility-sparing surgical options such as radical trachelectomy may be considered in carefully selected early-stage cases. Our team provides detailed fertility counselling as part of the treatment planning process.
Living with Cervical Cancer
"Recovery is not just about treating the cancer — it is about helping each woman reclaim her health, her confidence, and her quality of life, every step of the way."
— Delhi Cancer Centre, Gynaecologic Oncology TeamWhy Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Cervical Cancer Treatment?
Expert Oncologists · Advanced Diagnostics · Personalised, Compassionate Care
Experienced Oncologists
Dedicated gynaecologic oncology specialists with deep expertise in diagnosing and treating all stages of cervical cancer.
Advanced Treatment Technologies
Access to modern diagnostics, precision radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies based on the latest evidence.
Comprehensive Patient Care
Personalised treatment plans with multidisciplinary input from oncologists, surgeons, counsellors, and nutritionists.
Affordable & Accessible Care
Quality cancer care with transparent pricing, insurance facilitation, and financial assistance support for all patients.
Fertility Preservation Guidance
Dedicated support for younger women seeking fertility-sparing treatment options as part of their care plan.
Protect Yourself with Early Screening
Book an appointment at Delhi Cancer Centre for your cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccination counselling, or a personalised treatment consultation.
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