Ovarian Cancer —
Know the Facts.
Take Control Early.
A comprehensive guide to understanding ovarian cancer — its types, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options — by Dr. Aditya Sarin, Medical Oncologist.
gynaecological cancer
in women globally
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Originates in the outer layer (epithelium) of the ovary. Accounts for the majority of ovarian cancer diagnoses.
Germ Cell Tumors
Develops in the egg-producing cells. Mostly found in younger women and generally has a favorable prognosis.
Stromal Tumors
Arise from the connective tissue of the ovary that produces hormones. Can cause hormonal symptoms alongside tumor growth.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries — the reproductive glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It is often referred to as the "silent killer" because early-stage symptoms are vague and easily overlooked, meaning the disease frequently goes undetected until it has reached an advanced stage.
Understanding the warning signs, risk factors, and screening options is essential for early detection and improved outcomes. If you or a loved one are experiencing persistent symptoms, prompt evaluation by a specialist is strongly advised.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer symptoms are often vague and non-specific, which is why they are frequently mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues. Be vigilant if you experience any of the following persistently for more than two to three weeks:
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not fully understood. However, several factors are known to increase a woman's risk of developing the disease:
Genetics & Family History
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations and family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer significantly raise risk.
Age
Most cases occur in women over 50, with the highest incidence observed after menopause.
Reproductive History
Women who have never been pregnant, or who had their first pregnancy after age 35, have a comparatively higher risk.
Hormonal Factors
Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly estrogen alone, may increase risk.
Lifestyle Factors
Obesity, smoking, and diets high in saturated fat may contribute to a moderately elevated risk of ovarian cancer.
Endometriosis
Women diagnosed with endometriosis have a slightly higher risk of developing certain types of ovarian cancer.
Screening & Early Detection
There are currently no routine population-wide screening tests for ovarian cancer. However, women at elevated risk or experiencing persistent symptoms can benefit from the following early detection methods:
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Pelvic Examination
A physical check by a doctor for any abnormalities in the ovaries or surrounding structures.
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Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)
Imaging to detect the presence of ovarian tumors, cysts, or structural changes.
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CA-125 Blood Test
Measures CA-125 protein levels, which may be elevated in the presence of ovarian cancer.
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Genetic Testing
Recommended for women with a strong family history; identifies BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations early.
Treatment Options
Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage, type, and overall health of the patient. A multidisciplinary approach combining the following options is common in modern oncology:
Surgery
Removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and affected lymph nodes to eliminate primary tumor burden.
Chemotherapy
Drug-based treatment to kill cancer cells, typically given before or after surgery (neoadjuvant or adjuvant).
Targeted Therapy
Precision agents such as PARP inhibitors that target cancer-specific molecular pathways to block growth.
Hormone Therapy
Used in hormone-sensitive subtypes to slow the spread of cancer by blocking hormone production.
Immunotherapy
Harnesses the patient's immune system using checkpoint inhibitors to identify and destroy cancer cells.
Living with Ovarian Cancer
"A cancer diagnosis is not the end of the story — it is the beginning of a journey where the right support, the right treatment, and the right mindset make all the difference."
— Dr. Aditya Sarin, Medical OncologistWhy Choose Dr. Aditya Sarin for Ovarian Cancer Care?
ESMO Board Certified · Harvard Trained · Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
Expert Oncologists
Specialists with extensive experience in gynaecological oncology and ovarian cancer treatment.
Advanced Facilities
Access to cutting-edge diagnostic imaging, molecular profiling, and the latest cancer therapies.
Personalised Treatment
Tailored care plans designed around each patient's unique diagnosis, stage, and clinical profile.
Comprehensive Support
Emotional counselling, nutritional guidance, and rehabilitation services for whole-patient care.
Early Detection Saves Lives
Book an appointment with Dr. Aditya Sarin to receive a thorough evaluation, expert diagnosis, and a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs.
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